History Of Internet

How Did the Internet Begin- First time Internet beginning with the 1957 launching of Sputnik by the USSR.  The United State formed the “Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)” within the Department of Defense, to lead the USA. in science an d technology applicable to the military. 

Stage I: The ARPAnet-   In 1968, Bolt, Beranak, and Newman(BBN) was contracted by ARPAnet.  The following we3re initial four sites connected:

University of California at Los Angeles—Network Measurements Center using a Xerox DSS 7:SEX

Standard Research Institute Network Information Center using an SDS940/Genie

University of California at Santa Barbara—Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics using an AIBM 360/75:OS/MVT

University of Utah—Graphics using a DEC DPD-10/Tenex

The network was wired together using 50kbps circuits and was managed by information message processors (IMP) that run on Honeywell 516 minicomputers.  The protocol used to communicate between hosts was the network control protocol (NCP), which enable hosts running on  the same network to transfer data.

Protocols in a Network

A protocol is an agreement used for communication between two networked hosts.  The protocol defines how data should be packaged for transmission on the network so the receiving host can unpackage it on reception.  For two hosts to communicate on a network, they must be using the same protocol.

By1972 the ARPAnet had increased to 32 nodes.  Ray Tomlinson created an email program that enables a user to send personal messages across the network.  This application started moving the network away from its military roots.  Academic using he Arpanet began to use it to communicate with remote  colleagues.  Mailing list also started evolving at this time.  The Advance Research Project Agency (DARPA).

            In 1973, development began on the protocol suite now known as the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suit. 

            In 1976, two major networking developments occurred.   Bob Metcalf of Xerox developed Ethernet, which allowed for the development of local area networks (LANs).  The other major development was the implementation of SATNET, the Atlantic packet satellite network that linked the United States with Europe.

“Internet” Verses “Internet”
In 1982, the term internet was defined as a connected  of separate networks using the TCP/IP protocol suite.  The internet was defined as connected TCP/IP INTERNETS.  This book continues his distinction, using the term internet to refer to the global network.

Stage II NSFNET   

In 1985, the National Science Foundation Began deploying new T1 lines at 1.544Mbps for the next generation of the ARPAnet, known as the NSFNET.

            With the movement toward the NSFNET, the National Science Foundation introduced two enhancements to the TCP/IP protocol.   The Network News Transfer Protocol(NNTP) was introduced to increase Usenet News performance, and Mail Exchanger (MX) records were developed for use with DNS servers.